Twentieth century theories of education have had a strong impact on education as we know it. These theories are relevant to how our children are taught in the United States. This article will provide you with in-depth details about twentieth century theories of education.
Progressivism
This popular theory on education was formed by ideas from John Dewey, William H. Kilpatrick, and John Childs (Kneller, 1964). Progressivism is a twentieth century education theory that is widely practiced today. It suggests that “education should be life itself, not a preparation for living,” and “learning should be based around the interests of the students in the classroom (Kneller, 1964). Another aspect of progressivism is problem solving. Problem solving is highly valued in the classroom. Teachers hat utilize this twentieth century theory of education should practice advising and teach with a cooperative style (Kneller, 1964). Progressive education also suggests that democracy be the format of the classroom. This twentieth century education theory recommends that learning should occur through interaction and experience.
Perennialism
Another twentieth century theory on education is Perennialism. This theory suggests that human nature is the same all over and education should also be (Kneller, 1964). The theories behind perennialism were developed by Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler (Kneller, 1964). Perennialism also suggests that man should use its skills of rationalizing to influence instinct to meet desired results. This twentieth century theory requires that education focus on knowledge of universal and eternal truth and education prepares you to live properly (Kneller, 1964). Perennialism also recommends that students study the great work of men throughout the ages. These subjects should inform students of great achievements in history.
Essentialism
This twentieth century theory on education was founded by William Bagley and Herman Horne, and it suggests that education requires much effort and is met with much resistance (Kneller, 1964). Teachers are required to initiate education in essentialism theories. Mental discipline should be provided through traditional means and learning occurs through absorption of the lesson. Essentialism is an important theory of education developed in the twentieth century.
Educational theories of the twentieth century have influenced the way children are taught completely. The famous theories discussed in this article are predominantly used in the United States education system. Understanding these theories is important to any aspiring teacher who wants to be successful in the classroom.
Reference:
Kneller, G. F. (1964).Introduction to the Philosophy of Educat. New York: John Wiley.
